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Compare Luxembourg (2008) - Norfolk Island (2008)
Compare Luxembourg (2008) z Norfolk Island (2008)
| Luxembourg (2008) | Norfolk Island (2008) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 3 districts; Diekirch, Grevenmacher, Luxembourg | none (territory of Australia) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 18.8% (male 46,478/female 43,656)
15-64 years: 66.6% (male 161,466/female 158,261) 65 years and over: 14.7% (male 28,530/female 41,831) (2007 est.) |
0-14 years: 20.2%
15-64 years: 63.9% 65 years and over: 15.9% (2007 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | wine, grapes, barley, oats, potatoes, wheat, fruits; dairy products, livestock products | Norfolk Island pine seed, Kentia palm seed, cereals, vegetables, fruit; cattle, poultry |
| Airports | 2 (2007) | 1 (2007) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2007) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2007) |
- |
| Area | total: 2,586 sq km
land: 2,586 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 34.6 sq km
land: 34.6 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Rhode Island | about 0.2 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Founded in 963, Luxembourg became a grand duchy in 1815 and an independent state under the Netherlands. It lost more than half of its territory to Belgium in 1839, but gained a larger measure of autonomy. Full independence was attained in 1867. Overrun by Germany in both World Wars, it ended its neutrality in 1948 when it entered into the Benelux Customs Union and when it joined NATO the following year. In 1957, Luxembourg became one of the six founding countries of the European Economic Community (later the European Union), and in 1999 it joined the euro currency area. | Two British attempts at establishing the island as a penal colony (1788-1814 and 1825-55) were ultimately abandoned. In 1856, the island was resettled by Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions. |
| Birth rate | 11.84 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) | NA |
| Budget | revenues: $14.29 billion
expenditures: $13.92 billion (2007 est.) |
revenues: $4.6 million
expenditures: $4.8 million (FY99/00) |
| Capital | name: Luxembourg
geographic coordinates: 49 36 N, 6 07 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October |
name: Kingston
geographic coordinates: 29 03 S, 167 58 E time difference: UTC+11.5 (16.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Climate | modified continental with mild winters, cool summers | subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 32 km |
| Constitution | 17 October 1868; occasional revisions | Norfolk Island Act of 1979, as amended in 2005 |
| Country name | conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
conventional short form: Luxembourg local long form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg local short form: Luxembourg |
conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island
conventional short form: Norfolk Island |
| Death rate | 8.42 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) | NA |
| Debt - external | $NA | $NA |
| Dependency status | - | self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Attorney-General's Department |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Ann WAGNER
embassy: 22 Boulevard Emmanuel Servais, L-2535 Luxembourg City mailing address: American Embassy Luxembourg, Unit 1410, APO AE 09126-1410 (official mail); American Embassy Luxembourg, PSC 9, Box 9500, APO AE 09123 (personal mail) telephone: [352] 46 01 23 FAX: [352] 46 14 01 |
none (territory of Australia) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph WEYLAND
chancery: 2200 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-4171/72 FAX: [1] (202) 328-8270 consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco |
none (territory of Australia) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - donor | ODA, $235.6 million (2004) | - |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $NA |
| Economy - overview | This stable, high-income economy - benefiting from its proximity to France, Belgium, and Germany - features solid growth, low inflation, and low unemployment. The industrial sector, initially dominated by steel, has become increasingly diversified to include chemicals, rubber, and other products. Growth in the financial sector, which now accounts for about 28% of GDP, has more than compensated for the decline in steel. Most banks are foreign-owned and have extensive foreign dealings. Agriculture is based on small family-owned farms. The economy depends on foreign and cross-border workers for about 60% of its labor force. Although Luxembourg, like all EU members, suffered from the global economic slump in the early part of this decade, the country continues to enjoy an extraordinarily high standard of living - GDP per capita ranks first in the world. After two years of strong economic growth in 2006-07, Luxembourg's economy probably will slow in 2008 as a result of turmoil in the world financial markets, but growth will remain above the European average. | Tourism, the primary economic activity, has steadily increased over the years and has brought a level of prosperity unusual among inhabitants of the Pacific islands. The agricultural sector has become self-sufficient in the production of beef, poultry, and eggs. |
| Electricity - consumption | 6.315 billion kWh (2005 est.) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 3.131 billion kWh (2005 est.) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 6.392 billion kWh (2005 est.) | - |
| Electricity - production | 3.156 billion kWh (2005 est.) | NA kWh |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Moselle River 133 m
highest point: Buurgplaatz 559 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Bates 319 m |
| Environment - current issues | air and water pollution in urban areas, soil pollution of farmland | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Celtic base (with French and German blend), Portuguese, Italian, Slavs (from Montenegro, Albania, and Kosovo) and European (guest and resident workers) | descendants of the Bounty mutineers, Australian, New Zealander, Polynesian |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003) | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Grand Duke HENRI (since 7 October 2000); Heir Apparent Prince GUILLAUME (son of the monarch)
head of government: Prime Minister Jean-Claude JUNCKER (since 20 January 1995); Deputy Prime Minister Jean ASSELBORN (since 31 July 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers recommended by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following popular elections to the Chamber of Deputies, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; the deputy prime minister is appointed by the monarch; they are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies note: government coalition - CSV and LSAP |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by the Australian governor general
head of government: Administrator Grant TAMBLING (since 1 November 2003) cabinet: Executive Council is made up of four of the nine members of the Legislative Assembly; the council devises government policy and acts as an advisor to the administrator elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
| Exports | 283 bbl/day (2004) | $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY91/92) |
| Exports - commodities | machinery and equipment, steel products, chemicals, rubber products, glass | postage stamps, seeds of the Norfolk Island pine and Kentia palm, small quantities of avocados |
| Exports - partners | Germany 19.3%, France 15.5%, Italy 9.5%, UK 9.5%, Belgium 8.8%, Spain 5.3%, Netherlands 4.5% (2006) | Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2006) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France | three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 1%
industry: 13% services: 86% (2005 est.) |
- |
| GDP - real growth rate | 5% (2007 est.) | - |
| Geographic coordinates | 49 45 N, 6 10 E | 29 02 S, 167 57 E |
| Geography - note | landlocked; the only Grand Duchy in the world | most of the 32 km coastline consists of almost inaccessible cliffs, but the land slopes down to the sea in one small southern area on Sydney Bay, where the capital of Kingston is situated |
| Heliports | 1 (2007) | - |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: 3.5%
highest 10%: 23.8% (2000) |
- |
| Imports | 61,070 bbl/day (2004) | $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92) |
| Imports - commodities | minerals, metals, foodstuffs, quality consumer goods | NA |
| Imports - partners | Belgium 26.3%, Germany 20.1%, China 16.7%, France 8.5%, UK 5.5%, Netherlands 4.2% (2006) | Australia, other Pacific island countries, NZ, Asia, Europe (2006) |
| Independence | 1839 (from the Netherlands) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 4.3% (2006 est.) | - |
| Industries | banking and financial services, iron and steel, information technology, telecommunications, cargo transportation, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, tourism | tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 4.68 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 4.67 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 2.1% (2007 est.) | - |
| International organization participation | ACCT, ADB (nonregional members), Australia Group, Benelux, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNRWA, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC | UPU |
| Irrigated land | NA | NA |
| Judicial branch | judicial courts and tribunals (3 Justices of the Peace, 2 district courts, and 1 Supreme Court of Appeals); administrative courts and tribunals (State Prosecutor's Office, administrative courts and tribunals, and the Constitutional Court); judges for all courts are appointed for life by the monarch | Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions |
| Labor force | 205,000 of whom 121,600 are foreign cross-border workers commuting primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2007 est.) | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture: 1%
industry: 13% services: 86% (2004 est.) |
agriculture: 10%
industry and services: 90% |
| Land boundaries | total: 359 km
border countries: Belgium 148 km, France 73 km, Germany 138 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 23.94%
permanent crops: 0.39% other: 75.67% (includes Belgium) (2005) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005) |
| Languages | Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative language), French (administrative language) | English (official), Norfolk - a mixture of 18th century English and ancient Tahitian |
| Legal system | based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | based on the laws of Australia, local ordinances and acts; English common law applies in matters not covered by either Australian or Norfolk Island law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (60 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 13 June 2004 (next to be held by June 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - CSV 36.1%, LSAP 23.4%, DP 16.1%, Green Party 11.6%, ADR 10%, other 2.8%; seats by party - CSV 24, LSAP 14, DP 10, Green Party 7, ADR 5 note: there is also a Council of State that serves as an advisory body to the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State has 21 members appointed by the Grand Duke on the advice of the prime minister |
unicameral Legislative Assembly (9 seats; members elected by electors who have nine equal votes each but only four votes can be given to any one candidate; to serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 20 October 2004 (next to be held by December 2007) election results: seats - independents 9 (note - no political parties) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 79.03 years
male: 75.76 years female: 82.52 years (2007 est.) |
total population: NA
male: NA female: NA |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% (2000 est.) |
NA |
| Location | Western Europe, between France and Germany | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia |
| Map references | Europe | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
| Merchant marine | total: 45 ships (1000 GRT or over) 682,955 GRT/858,985 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 7, chemical tanker 14, container 7, liquefied gas 2, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 7 foreign-owned: 44 (Belgium 9, France 14, Germany 10, Netherlands 1, UK 7, US 3) (2007) |
- |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of Australia |
| Military branches | Army | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 0.9% (2005 est.) | - |
| National holiday | National Day (Birthday of Grand Duchess Charlotte) 23 June; note - the actual date of birth was 23 January 1896, but the festivities were shifted by five months to allow observance during a more favorable time of year | Bounty Day (commemorates the arrival of Pitcairn Islanders), 8 June (1856) |
| Nationality | noun: Luxembourger(s)
adjective: Luxembourg |
noun: Norfolk Islander(s)
adjective: Norfolk Islander(s) |
| Natural hazards | NA | typhoons (especially May to July) |
| Natural resources | iron ore (no longer exploited), arable land | fish |
| Net migration rate | 8.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) | NA |
| Pipelines | gas 155 km (2007) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | Alternative Democratic Reform Party or ADR [Robert MENLEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV [Francois BILTGEN] (also known as Christian Social Party or PCS); Democratic Party or DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; dei Lenk/la Gauche (the Left); other minor parties | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | ABBL (bankers' association); ALEBA (financial sector trade union); Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural producers); CEP (professional sector chamber); CGFP (trade union representing civil service); Chambre de Commerce (Chamber of Commerce); Chambre des Metiers (Chamber of Artisans); FEDIL (federation of industrialists); Greenpeace (environment protection); LCGP (center-right trade union); Mouvement Ecologique (protection of ecology); OGBL (center-left trade union) | none |
| Population | 480,222 (July 2007 est.) | 2,114 (July 2007 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | - |
| Population growth rate | 1.207% (2007 est.) | 0.006% (2007 est.) |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 2 (1999) | AM 1, FM 3, shortwave 0 (2005) |
| Railways | total: 275 km
standard gauge: 275 km 1.435-m gauge (243 km electrified) (2006) |
- |
| Religions | Roman Catholic 87%, other (includes Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 13% (2000) | Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.2%, none 18.1% (2001 census) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.065 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.682 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
NA |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal and compulsory | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables
domestic: nationwide cellular telephone system; market for mobile-cellular phones is virtually saturated with roughly 150 cellular phones per 100 persons international: country code - 352 |
general assessment: adequate
domestic: free local calls international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia and New Zealand; satellite earth station |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 246,700 (2006) | 2,532; note - a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits (2004) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 713,800 (2006) | 0; note - proposed cellular service disallowed in August 2002 island referendum (2002) |
| Television broadcast stations | 5 (1999) | 1 (local programming station plus 2 repeaters that air Australian programs by satellite) (2005) |
| Terrain | mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast | volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains |
| Total fertility rate | 1.78 children born/woman (2007 est.) | NA |
| Unemployment rate | 4.4% (2007 est.) | - |
| Waterways | 37 km (on Moselle River) (2007) | - |
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